Taiwan is an island of mountains. From north to south, over 70% of its land is covered by mountain ranges. From the coast, you can already see the layers of peaks. Within this landscape, Taiwan has developed a unique hiking culture known as “peak collecting.” It’s more than a sport — it’s a way of life. Some set their sights on the “100 Peaks,” while others begin with the “Lesser Peaks,” gradually stepping into the heart of nature.
1. Why Do Taiwanese People Love Hiking?
Taiwan’s love for hiking comes not just from its geography but also from a deep connection between people and nature.
For many, hiking is a blend of “healing” and “challenge.” A weekend hike in the hills offers relaxation, while high mountain climbs test willpower and physical endurance. With increasing awareness of hiking safety and government promotion of “nationwide hiking,” more people are hitting the trails. To make the sport accessible to all, Taiwan has two iconic peak lists — the “100 Peaks” and the “Lesser Peaks.”
2. The Birth of Two Lists: From Experts to Everyone
1. 100 Peaks (Major Peaks)
— A symbol of ultimate challenge
In the 1970s, the Taiwan Alpine Association identified over 260 peaks above 3,000 meters and selected 100 of the most representative ones — the “Taiwan 100 Peaks.” This marked the beginning of a professional mountaineering era. Each peak represents not just elevation but the spirit of mountaineering — challenge, exploration, and perseverance.
Famous peaks such as Yushan, Xueshan, Nanhu Dashan, and Qilai are not only geographical landmarks but also cultural icons of Taiwan’s mountaineering. Completing the 100 Peaks is a major milestone for hikers and a symbol of personal achievement.
2. Lesser Peaks
— Promoting hiking for all
To make hiking more accessible, the Sports Administration and the Alpine Association launched the “Taiwan Lesser Peaks” list in 2006. Also 100 in number, these peaks are located near urban areas, at lower elevations, and have well-developed trails. Many can be completed in half or a full day.
The focus of the Lesser Peaks is not on “conquering” but “companionship.” They provide opportunities for families, students, office workers, and seniors to enjoy hiking at their own pace and promote healthy living and environmental education.
3. Comparing the 100 Peaks and Lesser Peaks
| Feature | 100 Peaks (Major) | Lesser Peaks |
|---|---|---|
| Elevation | Mostly above 3,000 meters | 100–2,000 meters |
| Difficulty | High mountain terrain, requires equipment and experience | Well-maintained trails, suitable for hiking |
| Time Required | Multi-day trips, permits required | Half to one day |
| Core Spirit | Adventure, challenge, high-altitude nature | Health, leisure, family-friendly |
| Examples | Yushan, Xueshan, Nanhu Dashan | Qixing, Guanyin, Huoyan |
Simply put — the 100 Peaks represent extreme adventure, while the Lesser Peaks embody everyday life. Together, they form the full picture of Taiwan’s hiking culture.
4. Urban Hiking Lifestyle
The Appeal of the Lesser Peaks
Many Lesser Peaks are located just at the edge of cities. For example, Qixing Mountain in Taipei, Dawulun Mountain in Keelung, Shimen Mountain in Taoyuan, Huoyan Mountain in Miaoli, Dakeng Trail in Taichung, and Lilong Mountain in Pingtung. These peaks offer easy access to fresh air and scenic views. For urban dwellers, Lesser Peaks are the perfect “forest therapy.” Hiking becomes an easy, regular activity rather than a distant challenge.
5. The Spirit of the 100 Peaks
A Journey of Height and Mindset
Climbing the 100 Peaks requires more preparation and experience. Ascending Yushan’s main peak may require applying for a permit two weeks in advance and preparing warm clothing and headlamps. Climbing Qilai South Peak tests endurance and weather judgment. For many, these climbs are a form of “spiritual training” — learning to coexist with nature, to stay humble, and to find peace in solitude. The 100 Peaks are not just physical challenges but deeply personal journeys.
6. Which Challenge Is Right for You?
| Hiker Type | Suggested Challenge | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Beginners / Families | Lesser Peaks | Safe, easy trails; ideal for building interest and fitness |
| Older Adults | Lesser Peaks | Gentle slopes, good facilities, great for health |
| Intermediate Hikers | Introductory 100 Peaks (e.g., Hehuan) | A good way to experience high mountains safely |
| Experienced Hikers | 100 Peaks | Challenging traverses, technical routes, ultimate goals |
Hiking is not about winning or losing — it’s about finding your own pace. No matter where you start, each trail is a meeting with nature.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the difference between Taiwan’s “100 Peaks” and “Small 100 Peaks”?
The main differences lie in elevation, difficulty, and the time required. The “100 Peaks” are generally mountains above 3,000 meters, offering challenging routes suitable for experienced hikers. The “Small 100 Peaks” are located closer to urban areas, have lower altitudes, and are well-maintained, making them ideal for beginners, families, and casual hikes.
I’m a beginner hiker — where should I start?
It’s recommended to start with the “Small 100 Peaks.” These mountains are easy to reach and can often be completed within a day, allowing you to build stamina and interest safely. Great examples include Taipei’s Qixing Mountain and Taichung’s Dakeng Trail.
Do I need special permits to climb the 100 Peaks?
Yes, most 100 Peaks routes are located within national parks or nature reserves and require advance applications for mountain entry and park permits online. This is an essential step before your hike.
Why is “collecting peaks” so popular in Taiwan?
This trend stems from Taiwan’s unique mountain environment and vibrant hiking culture. The lists of “100 Peaks” and “Small 100 Peaks” offer clear, structured goals, turning hiking into a journey of challenge, accomplishment, and self-discovery.
7. Further Reading and Peak Collection Guides
Want to learn more hiking goals? These two practical guides help you plan your “100 Peaks” or “Small 100 Peaks” adventures by region, season, or difficulty—making peak collecting a natural part of your life.
If you’d like to explore further, here are more useful resources that can help you plan your hikes according to region, season, or difficulty—making “peak collecting” a rewarding lifestyle.
8. Conclusion: Start with One Mountain
Hiking is not just a sport—it’s a culture. From the grandeur of the 100 Peaks to the approachable charm of the Small 100 Peaks, these two sets of mountains embody the Taiwanese passion for the land and respect for nature.
When you stand on the summit overlooking cities, oceans, and clouds, you’ll realize—the true spirit of hiking isn’t about conquering the mountain, but rediscovering yourself.
